IEEE Citation Style for Dissertation References

The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) citation style is commonly used in engineering, technology, and computer science fields. In IEEE style, references are numbered and listed in the order in which they appear in the text. Here’s how to format references in IEEE style for your dissertation:

1. General IEEE Reference Guidelines

Numbering: In IEEE style, references are numbered sequentially as they appear in the dissertation. For example, the first citation in the text will be [1], the second will be [2], and so on.
Font: Use Times New Roman (12-point) for your references, with no extra spacing between entries.
Hanging Indentation: Each reference should have a hanging indent of 0.5 inches.
In-Text Citation: References in the text are cited using numbers in square brackets (e.g., [1], [2], [3]).

2. Basic Format for Different Types of Sources in IEEE Style

Books:

Format:
[#] Author(s), Title of the Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, Abbrev. of Publisher, Year.
Example:
[1] J. A. Smith, Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, 3rd ed. New York, NY, McGraw-Hill, 2019.

Journal Articles:

Format:
[#] Author(s), “Title of the article,” Title of the Journal, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Month, Year.
Example:
[2] L. M. Brown and H. K. Green, “Impact of machine learning on data analysis,” IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 1342-1355, May 2020.

Conference Papers:

Format:
[#] Author(s), “Title of the paper,” in Proceedings of the Conference Name, Location, Year, pp. xxx-xxx.
Example:
[3] T. R. Johnson and P. L. Williams, “Wireless communication technologies,” in Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. Conf., San Francisco, CA, 2018, pp. 210-215.

Websites:

Format:
[#] Author(s), “Title of webpage/document,” Website Name. [Online]. Available: URL. [Accessed: Month, Day, Year].
Example:
[4] A. J. Thomas, “Introduction to Quantum Computing,” Quantum Computing Resource. [Online]. Available: https://quantumcomputingresource.com. [Accessed: Aug. 10, 2021].

3. In-Text Citation in IEEE

Use the reference number in square brackets, e.g., [1], [2], etc.
For direct quotes or specific ideas, cite the reference number: “As discussed in [3], the algorithm improves efficiency.”